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Total 7674 results found since Jan 2013.

The Genetics of Life and Death: Virus-Host Interactions Underpinning Resistance to African Swine Fever, a Viral Hemorrhagic Disease
Conclusion and Future Perspectives The mechanisms which result in reduced viral replication and lack of disease in African wild suids after ASFV infection are largely unknown. The data so far indicate that this is not due to an intrinsic difference in the ability of the virus to replicate in macrophages from these hosts. A more likely explanation is that the innate immune system of these hosts is better able to control virus replication resulting in a reduced systemic infection and reduced pathogenesis. This may involve a balance between virus and host factors which has evolved over long term infections of these hosts. Se...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Recombinant Proteins of the Swine Hepatitis E Virus and Their Uses as a Vaccine and Diagnostic Reagents for Medical and Veterinary Applications
This invention is based on the discovery of the swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV), the first animal strain of HEV identified and characterized, and its ability to infect across species. The inventors have found that the swine HEV is widespread in the general pig population in the United States and other countries and that swine HEV can infect non-human primates. The inventors have amplified and sequenced the complete genome of swine HEV. The capsid gene (ORF2) of swine HEV has been cloned and expressed in a baculovirus expression system.The possibility that swine HEV may infect humans raises a potential public health con...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - July 6, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

Live poultry market workers are susceptible to both avian and swine influenza viruses, Guangdong Province, China
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2015 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Jidang Chen, Jun Ma, Sarah K. White, Zhenpeng Cao, Yun Zhen, Shuyi He, Wanjun Zhu, Changwen Ke, Yongbiao Zhang, Shuo Su, Guihong Zhang Guangdong Province is recognized for dense populations of humans, pigs, poultry and pets. In order to evaluate the threat of viral infection faced by those working with animals, a cross-sectional, sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Guangdong between December 2013 and January 2014. Individuals working with swine, at poultry farms, or live poultry markets (LPM), and veterinaria...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - September 25, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Classical swine fever: challenges for the emerging swine sector in Bhutan
AbstractGiven the importance of pork in the Bhutanese diet and to enhance food security, the Government of Bhutan has generated policies to promote development of the swine sector in the country. One of the main threats to swine farming is classical swine fever (CSF), a transboundary disease of wild and domestic swine thought to be enzootic in the country. In 2018, three outbreaks of CSF were notified in Bhutan. The type of animals, their vaccine status, and the aftermath of these outbreaks highlight the interplay of epidemiological and context-specific factors that may result in CSF undermining the emerging Bhutanese swin...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - March 15, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Protective Efficacy of an Orf Virus-Vector Encoding the Hemagglutinin and the Nucleoprotein of Influenza A Virus in Swine
This study demonstrates the potential of ORFV-based vector for control of swine influenza virus in swine.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and pig major acute phase protein response in pigs simultaneously infected with H1N1 swine influenza virus and Pasteurella multocida
Conclusions: The results of current study confirmed that monitoring of APP may revealed ongoing infection, and in this way may be useful in selecting clinically healthy pigs (i.e. before integration into an uninfected herd). Present results corroborated our previous findings that SAA could be a potentially useful indicator in experimental infection studies (e.g. vaccine efficiency investigations) or as a marker for disease severity, because of correlation observed between its concentration in serum and disease severity (lung scores, clinical scores).
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles - January 18, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Malgorzata Pomorska-MólIwona Markowska-DanielKrzysztof KwitKatarzyna StepniewskaZygmunt Pejsak Source Type: research

Describing antimicrobial use and reported treatment efficacy in Ontario swine using the Ontario swine veterinary-based Surveillance program
The objective of this work was to retrospectively assess records received through the Ontario Swine Veterinary-based Surveillance program July 2007 -- July 2009 to describe and assess relationships between reported treatment failure, antimicrobial use, diagnosis and body system affected. Results: Antimicrobial use occurred in 676 records, 80.4% of all records recording treatment (840). The most commonly used antimicrobials were penicillin (34.9%), tetracyclines (10.7%) and ceftiofur (7.8%), and the use of multiple antimicrobials occurred in 141/676 records (20.9%). A multi-level logistic regression model was built to descr...
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles - December 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Shiona Glass-KaastraDavid PearlRichard Reid-SmithBeverly McEwenScott McEwenRocio AmezcuaRobert Friendship Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2522: The Valproic Acid Derivative Valpromide Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Infection in Swine Epithelial and Mouse Neuroblastoma Cell Lines
Morales Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection of swine can produce Aujeszky’s disease, which causes neurological, respiratory, and reproductive symptoms, leading to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Although humans are not the natural hosts of PRV, cases of human encephalitis and endophthalmitis caused by PRV infection have been reported between animals and workers. Currently, a lack of specific treatments and the emergence of new PRV strains against which existing vaccines do not protect makes the search for effective antiviral drugs essential. As an alternative to traditional nucleoside an...
Source: Viruses - December 15, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Sabina Andreu In és Ripa Beatriz Praena Jos é Antonio López-Guerrero Raquel Bello-Morales Tags: Article Source Type: research

Novel Human-like Influenza A Viruses Circulate in Swine in Mexico and Chile
Discussion Through new surveillance efforts and phylogenetic analysis of IAV-S in Mexico and Chile, we have expanded our understanding of the extensive IAV-S diversity that circulates in swine in Latin America. Most notably, we have identified multiple novel clades of H3N2 and H1N1 viruses of human origin in Mexico and Chile that have not been identified in swine previously, highlighting the importance of the human-swine interface in the evolution of IAV-S diversity in Latin America. The presence of two different IAV-S lineages in Mexico that are related to North American IAV-S (classical H1N1 and H3-cluster IV) also demon...
Source: PLOS Currents Outbreaks - August 13, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: minelson22 Source Type: research

Control of a Reassortant Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus Outbreak in an Intensive Swine Breeding Farm: Effect of Vaccination and Enhanced Farm Management Practices
Conclusions Although our study design was sub-optimal for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention, we provided suggestive evidence that H1N1pdm-targeted vaccination in sows/gilts, enhanced biosecurity, lengthening of weaning cycles, and constrains in cross-fostering of piglets may prove useful in controlling a reassortant H1N1pdm outbreak in an intensive swine breeding farm without possibility of applying an all-in/all-out system. Maternally-derived immunity was elicited and further virus circulation in piglets dropped to undetectable levels, while keeping farm productivity at full. The present field study also su...
Source: PLOS Currents Outbreaks - April 13, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Lapo Mughini-Gras Source Type: research

Stage of Gestation at Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Pregnant Swine Impacts Maternal Immunity and Lactogenic Immune Protection of Neonatal Suckling Piglets
In this study, we infected pregnant first parity gilts in their first, second and third trimesters of gestation with PEDV to determine the impact of stage of gestation on generation of maternal B-cell immunity, the gut-MG-sIgA axis and lactogenic immune protection in PEDV challenged piglets. Our goal was to identify innate and adaptive immune factors during pregnancy that influence lymphocyte trafficking, in addition to immune correlates of lactogenic immune protection in neonatal suckling piglets. Understanding the impact of stage of gestation at PEDV infection or exposure on maternal immunity will allow more precise mate...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Reverse Genetics for Influenza A and B Viruses Driven by Swine Polymerase I Promoter
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2465:257-281. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2168-4_14.ABSTRACTInfluenza viruses are considered prominent pathogens of humans and animals that are extensively investigated because of public health importance. Plasmid-based reverse genetics is a fundamental tool that facilitates the generation of genetically modified viruses from a cDNA copy. The ability to rescue viruses enables researchers to understand different biological characteristics including IV replication, pathogenesis, and transmission. Furthermore, understanding the biology and ability to manipulate different aspects of the virus can aid in prov...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - February 4, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Brittany Seibert Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia Daniela Rajao Daniel R Perez Source Type: research

JMM Profile: Swine influenza A virus: a neglected virus with pandemic potential
J Med Microbiol. 2023 Jan;72(1). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001623.ABSTRACTSwine influenza is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The ability of SwIAV to spread bidirectionally from animals to humans (zoonotic), and from humans to animals (reverse zoonotic), drives coinfection that can result in gene segment exchange and elevates the risk of generating viruses with pandemic potential. Compared to human-origin influenza A viruses, current data indicate a greater diversity amongst circulating SwIAVs, with three major subtypes (classified by haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) circulating gl...
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - February 7, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Benjamin C Mollett Helen E Everett Pauline M van Diemen Alexander M P Byrne Andrew Ramsay Joe James Scott M Reid Rowena D E Hansen Nicola S Lewis Ian H Brown Ashley C Banyard Source Type: research

Detection of Antigenic Variants of Subtype H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses from Clinical Samples Clinical Veterinary Microbiology
A large population of genetically and antigenically diverse influenza A viruses (IAVs) are circulating among the swine population, playing an important role in influenza ecology. Swine IAVs not only cause outbreaks among swine but also can be transmitted to humans, causing sporadic infections and even pandemic outbreaks. Antigenic characterizations of swine IAVs are key to understanding the natural history of these viruses in swine and to selecting strains for effective vaccines. However, influenza outbreaks generally spread rapidly among swine, and the conventional methods for antigenic characterization require virus prop...
Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology - March 24, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Martin, B. E., Bowman, A. S., Li, L., Nolting, J. M., Smith, D. R., Hanson, L. A., Wan, X.-F. Tags: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Source Type: research